Medical connector having locking engagement

ABSTRACT

A medical connector system including a first connector and a second connector. The first connector has a housing, a biasing member, and at least one projection. The second connector has at least one groove for receiving the at least one projection. The proximal end of the second connector is configured to be at least partially disposed within the distal end of the housing of the first connector. Upon application and release of a first set of opposing axial forces applied to the connector system, the first connector is locked to the second connector and, upon application and release of a second set of opposing axial forces, the first connector is released from the second connector. The connectors may include indicators to show when the connector system is in the locked position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/532,147, filed Nov. 4, 2014, which claimspriority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/900,647, filed Nov.6, 2013, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a connector system for a medicaldevice. More specifically, the present invention relates to a connectorsystem for enabling fluid transfer between a first medical device forreceiving and/or dispensing fluids and a second medical device forreceiving and/or dispensing fluids.

Description of Related Art

A problem in connection with drug preparation, drug administration, andother similar handling is the risk that medical and pharmacologicalstaff are exposed to drugs or solvents which might escape into theambient air. This problem is particularly serious when cytotoxins,antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and radiopharmaceuticals are concerned.Other hazardous areas may be sample taking, such as samples concerningvirus infections or the like. When performing infusions, it is oftennecessary to inject a drug or other medical substance into the infusionfluid inside an infusion bag or other infusion fluid container. This isoften done by means of penetrating a septum or other fluid barrier of aninjection port on the infusion bag or on the infusion fluid line with aneedle of a syringe filled with the medical fluid in question. However,even before this it may be necessary to transfer the medical fluid froma vial to a syringe and then from the syringe to a secondary container.In each of these steps, staff may be exposed to the medical fluid bymeans of contamination. Such contamination may be vaporized medicalfluid or aerosol in the air. The contaminations may contaminate thestaff through their lungs or vaporized medical fluid or aerosol in theair which condensates on the skin to thereafter penetrate the skin ofthe staff. Some medicaments are even known to penetrate protectiongloves and thereby contaminate the staff.

Exposure to contaminations like this may, on a long term basis, giverise to alarmingly high concentrations of medicaments in the blood orthe human body of the staff described above. It has been understood thatdue to the many transferring steps between e.g. vials, syringes,infusion systems etc., the risk for contamination during the actualinsertion and retraction of a needle from the container, e.g. a vial,needs to be contained. Closed system transfer devices have beendeveloped to ensure that the medicament is contained the transfer deviceduring transfer of the medicament.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, a medical connector system includes: a first connectorhaving a proximal end and a distal end and including a housing, abiasing member, and at least one projection and a second connectorhaving a proximal end and a distal end and including at least one groovefor receiving the at least one projection. The biasing member may be aspring. The proximal end of the second connector is configured to be atleast partially disposed within distal end of the housing of the firstconnector. Upon application and release of a first set of opposing axialforces applied to the proximal end of the first connector and the distalend of the second connector, the first connector is locked to the secondconnector and, upon application and release of a second set of opposingaxial forces to the proximal end of the first connector and the distalend of the second connector, the first connector is released from thesecond connector.

When the first connector is locked to the second connector, the at leastone projection of the first connector engages the at least one groove ofthe second connector and, when the first connector is released from thesecond connector, the at least one projection of the first connector isreleased from engagement with the at least one groove of the secondconnector.

Upon application and release of the first set of opposing axial forcesapplied to the proximal end of the first connector and the distal end ofthe second connector, the biasing member biases the first connector in aproximal direction with respect to the second connector such that the atleast one projection of the first connector engages the at least onegroove of the second connector and locks the first connector onto thesecond connector.

Upon application and release of the second set of opposing axial forcesto the proximal end of the first connector and the distal end of thesecond connector, the biasing member biases the first connector in aproximal direction with respect to the second connector releasing theengagement between the at least one projection of the first connectorand the at least one groove of the second connector.

The at least one groove may include: a first section extending axiallyin the distal direction; a second section extending from the distal endof the first section and sloping in the distal direction away from thedistal end of the first section; a third section extending axially inthe proximal direction from the distal end of the second section; afourth section extending from the proximal end of the third section andsloping in the proximal direction away from the proximal end of thethird section; a fifth section extending axially in the distal directionfrom the proximal end of the fourth section; a sixth section extendingfrom the distal end of the fifth section and sloping in the distaldirection away from the distal end of the fifth section; a seventhsection extending axially in the proximal direction from the distal endof the sixth section; and an eighth section extending from the proximalend of the seventh section and sloping in the proximal direction awayfrom the proximal end of the seventh section.

Alternatively, the at least one groove may further include an additionalsection extending axially in a proximal direction from the proximal endof the fourth section and the fifth section extends from a distal end ofthe additional section.

The second connector may further include a distally sloping ledge on anexterior surface extending to a proximal end of the first section of theat least one groove.

The first connector is locked to the second connector when the at leastone projection of the first connector is disposed within a proximal endof the fourth section of the at least one groove of the second connectoror within the proximal end of the additional section of the at least onegroove of the second connector.

Upon application of the first set of opposing axial forces to theproximal end of the first connector and the distal end of the secondconnector, the at least one projection travels through the first andsecond sections of the at least one groove of the second connector. Uponrelease of the first set of opposing axial forces, the biasing memberbiases the first connector in a proximal direction with respect to thesecond connector such that the at least one projection travels throughthe third and fourth sections of the at least one groove of the secondconnector and is disposed within the proximal end of the fourth sectionof the second connector.

Upon application of the second set of opposing axial forces to theproximal end of the first connector and the distal end of the secondconnector, the at least one projection travels through the fifth andsixth sections of the at least one groove of the second connector. Uponrelease of the second set of opposing axial forces, the biasing memberbiases the first connector in a proximal direction with respect to thesecond connector such that the at least one projection travels throughthe seventh and eighth sections of the at least one groove of the secondconnector releasing engagement between the at least one projection andthe at least one groove of the second connector.

The first connector may also include a cam member having the at leastone projection and the cam member may be rotatably attached to thehousing.

The first connector may also include a carrier that is slidably attachedto the housing and a needle cannula and the second connector may alsoinclude an axial central passageway that extends from the proximal endto the distal end of the second connector. The biasing member may bedisposed between a proximal end of the housing and the carrier.

Upon application of the first set of opposing axial forces applied tothe proximal end of the first connector and the distal end of the secondconnector, the carrier contacts the proximal end of the second connectorand energy is stored in the biasing member. In addition, when the firstconnector is locked to the second connector, the needle cannula isreceived in the central passageway and the distal end of the needlecannula extends from the distal end of the second connector. When thefirst connector is released from the second connector, the distal end ofthe needle cannula is contained within the housing of the firstconnector.

The carrier of the first connector may also include at least one sealingmember. When the first connector is locked to the second connector, theneedle cannula extends through the sealing member and is received withinthe central passageway of the second connector and a seal is createdbetween the proximal end of the second connector and the sealing member.The seal is created between the proximal end of the second connector andthe sealing member due to a distally directed force provided by thebiasing member on the carrier and a proximally directed force providedon the second connector by the projection of the first connector.

The first connector may also include an attachment portion at theproximal end for attaching the first connector to first medical device.

The first connector and the second connector may also include indicatorsto show the user when the medical connector system is in the lockedposition. Such indicators may include axial bands or a bullseyeconfiguration having a dot and a circle.

The present invention is also directed to a method of transferring afluid from a first medical device for receiving or dispensing fluids toa second medical device for receiving or dispensing fluids. A firstconnector having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximalend is connected to the first medical device and the distal end is openis provided. The first connector includes a housing and a needlecannula. A second connector having a proximal end and a distal end,wherein the distal end is connected to the second medical device, isalso provided. The second connector includes a central passagewayextending from the proximal end to the distal end. The proximal end ofthe second connector is at least partially inserted into the open distalend of the first connector. A first set of opposing axial forces isapplied to and released from the proximal end of the first connector andthe distal end of the second connector. The first connector is locked tothe second connector upon release of the first set of opposing axialforces and the needle cannula extends into the central passageway beyondthe distal end of the second connector and into the second medicaldevice. The fluid is then transferred from the first medical device tothe second medical device through the needle cannula.

The method may further include a step of applying and releasing a secondset of opposing axial forces to the proximal end of the first connectorand the distal end of the second connector. The first connector isreleased from the locking engagement with the second connector and theneedle cannula is disposed within the housing of the first connectorupon release of the second set of opposing axial forces.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a medical connector system shown with afirst medical device that is a syringe and a second medical device thatis a pressure regulator (a), an IV bag adaptor (b), or a patientconnector (c).

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the medical connector systemshown in FIG. 1 according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a first connector of the medicalconnector system shown in FIG. 1 according to one aspect of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the first connector of FIG. 3Aalong line A-A according to one aspect of the present invention, showingthe first connector in an actuated position with the second connectoromitted for clarity.

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a second connector of the medicalconnector system shown in FIG. 1 according to one aspect of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the second connector of FIG. 4Aalong line A-A according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 4C is a schematic of a groove of the second connector of FIG. 4Aaccording to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 4D is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toan alternative aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a patient connector provided with thesecond connector of the medical connector system of FIG. 1 according toone aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the second connector of FIG. 5Aalong line A-A according to one aspect of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the second connector of FIG. 5Baccording to one aspect of the present invention, showing the secondconnector inserted into but not locked to the first connector of FIG.3A.

FIG. 7A is a partially transparent perspective view of a medicalconnector system according to a further aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 7B is a partially transparent perspective view of the medicalconnector system of FIG. 7A according to one aspect of the presentinvention, showing the system upon insertion of the second connectorinto the housing of the first connector.

FIG. 7C is a partially transparent perspective view of the medicalconnector system of FIG. 7A according to one aspect of the presentinvention, showing the system after application of a first set ofopposing forces applied to the first connector and the second connector.

FIG. 7D is a transparent perspective view of the medical connectorsystem of FIG. 7A according to one aspect of the present invention,showing the system in a locked state after release of the first set ofopposing forces applied to the first connector and the second connector.

FIG. 7E is a transparent perspective view of the medical connectorsystem of FIG. 7A according to one aspect of the present invention,showing the system at the beginning of the application of a second setof opposing forces applied to the first connector and the secondconnector.

FIG. 7F is a transparent perspective view of the medical connectorsystem of FIG. 7A according to one aspect of the present invention,showing the system at the completion of the application of a second setof opposing forces applied to the first connector and the secondconnector.

FIG. 7G is a transparent perspective view of the medical connectorsystem of FIG. 7A according to one aspect of the present invention,showing the system in a released state after release of the second setof opposing forces applied to the first connector and the secondconnector.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medical connectorsystem shown according to a further aspect of the present invention,showing the connector with a transparent housing and indicator band.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith a vial adapter.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith an IV bag spike.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith a patient connector.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.8 locked with the second connector of FIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.8 locked with the second connector of FIG. 10.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.8 locked with the second connector of FIG. 11.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with a transparent housing andindicator band.

FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith a patient connector.

FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of the second connector of FIG. 16according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.15 locked with the second connector of FIG. 16.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to yet another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with a transparent housing andindicator band.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to yet another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith a vial adapter.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to yet another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith a patient connector.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an opaque housing and indicatorband.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the first connector of FIG. 22taken along line 23-23 in FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band in conjunctionwith a patient connector.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.22 locked with the second connector of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with a transparent housing and anindicator.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.26 locked with the second connector of FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to yet another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with a transparent housing and awindow.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to yet another aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator band.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.29 locked with the second connector of FIG. 30.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a first connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with a transparent housing and awindow.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a second connector of a medicalconnector system shown according to a further aspect of the presentinvention, showing the connector with an indicator mark.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a medical connector system according toone aspect of the present invention, showing the first connector of FIG.32 locked with the second connector of FIG. 33.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the first connector of medicalconnector system of FIG. 1, showing a grip configuration according to analternative aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the first connector of medicalconnector system of FIG. 1, showing a grip configuration according to asecond alternative aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the first connector of medicalconnector system of FIG. 1, showing a grip configuration according tothird alternative aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of the first connector of medicalconnector system of FIG. 1, showing a grip configuration according to afourth alternative aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa first alternative aspect.

FIG. 40 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa second alternative aspect.

FIG. 41 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa third alternative aspect.

FIG. 42 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa fourth alternative aspect.

FIG. 43 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa fifth alternative aspect.

FIG. 44 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa sixth alternative aspect.

FIG. 45 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toa seventh alternative aspect.

FIG. 46 is a schematic of a groove of the second connector according toan eighth alternative aspect.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms such as “end”,“upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”,“bottom”, “lateral”, “longitudinal” and derivatives thereof shall relateto the invention as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, itis to be understood that the invention may assume various alternativevariations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to thecontrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices andprocesses illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in thefollowing specification, are simply exemplary aspects of the invention.Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related tothe aspects disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.Further, it is to be understood that the invention may assume variousalternative variations and step sequences, except where expresslyspecified to the contrary.

The present invention is directed to a connector system 10 for a medicaldevice. In one aspect, the connector system 10 may be utilized forconnecting and enabling fluid transfer between a first medical device 12for receiving and/or dispensing fluids such as a syringe (FIG. 1) and asecond medical device 14 for receiving and/or dispensing fluids such asa pressure equalization device (FIG. 1(a)), a vial adaptor, a patientconnector (FIG. 1(b)), an IV bag adaptor (FIG. 1(c)), or a similardevice used for receiving or dispensing fluids. The overall system isused to transfer a drug from an original container, such as a vial, to apatient. The medical connector 10 is the tool that is used to facilitatethis closed system transfer. The medical connector system 10 includes afirst connector 16 and a second connector 18. FIG. 2 shows an explodedview of one aspect of the medical connector system 10.

Referring to FIGS. 2-3B, the first connector 16 is embodied as a syringeadapter that is configured to receive a syringe or IV line at one endand mate with the second connector at the other end to facilitate thesealed transfer from a first container to a second container. The firstconnector 16, however, may be provided in connection with any othersuitable medical devices. The first connector includes a housing 20having a proximal end 22 and a distal end 24. The housing 20 has agenerally cylindrical shape that defines a central opening 26.

A cap 28 is attached to the proximal end 22 of the housing 20. The cap28 includes an attachment 30 to connect the first connector 16 to thefirst medical device 12. The attachment may be of any suitableconfiguration that allows the first connector 16 to be securely andsealing attached to the first medical device 12. Possible attachmentsinclude, but are not limited to, a luer connector or a snap-fitconnector. The cap 28 has a central passageway 32 therethrough and aproximal end 34 of a needle cannula 36 is received in the centralpassageway 32 such that there is a fluid connection between the firstmedical device 12 and the needle cannula 36 allowing the fluid in thefirst medical device 12 to flow into the needle cannula 36.

In the aspect shown in FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, and 6, the cap 28 is snap-fitonto the housing 20. A ledge 38 extends circumferentially around theperimeter of the cap 28 and is received in a correspondingcircumferential recess 40 in the housing 20. At least one protrusion 42having an upper surface that is sloped towards the distal end of thefirst connector 16 engages the upper surface of the ledge 38 and holdsthe cap 28 within the recess 40 of the housing 20. The sloped uppersurface of the at least one protrusion 42 allows the cap 28 to be snapfit onto the housing 20 during assembly. Alternatively, any suitablemeans may be used to attach the cap 28 to the housing 20 as long at thecap 28 is securely attached to the housing 20. Possible alternativeattachment means include, but are not limited to, alternative snap-fitconfigurations, welding in permanent connection, or a threadedconnection. When the cap 28 is attached to the housing 20 the needlecannula 36 extends into the central opening 26 of the housing 20, butdoes not extend beyond the distal end 24 of the housing 20. The distalend of the housing 20 is open to allow at least a portion of the secondconnector 18 to be received within the central opening 26 as will bediscussed in more detail below.

The first connector 16 also includes a cam member 44. The cam member 44may be cylindrical in shape and includes at least one projection 46extending into the central opening 26 of the housing 20 as shown inFIGS. 2, 3B, 6, 8A, and 8B. The cam member 44 is rotatably disposedwithin the housing 20. While the cam member 44 and the housing 20 areshown and described as cylindrical, they may take any suitable shape theallows for rotation of the cam member 44 in the housing 20, includingbut not limited to, a cone or a shape having an outer surface. Thedistal end 48 of the cam member 44 rests on a ledge 50 at the distal end24 of the housing 20 and the proximal end of the cam member 44 isadjacent the cap 28 such that the cam member 44 is held within housing20 by the ledge 50 and the cap 28.

Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7G, 9A, and 9B, the cam member 44may be ring shaped and may be held in a recess near the distal end 24 ofthe housing 20. The ring shaped cam member 44 may be disposed within thehousing 20 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7G, 9A, and 9B or may be external to thehousing 20 as shown in FIG. 8D, for example.

A carrier 54 is disposed within the central opening 26 of the housing20. The carrier 54 has a generally cylindrical shape. The outermostsurface of the carrier 54 is in sliding contact with either the innersurface of the cam member 44 if the cam member 44 has a cylindricalshape (FIGS. 2, 3B, 6, 8A, and 8B) or the inner surface of the housing20 if the cam member 44 has a ring shape (FIGS. 7A-7G, 9A, and 9B) suchthat the carrier 54 may move in an axial direction within the housing20. The carrier 54 includes an axial central opening 56 and at least onesealing member 58. The needle cannula 36 extends through both the axialcentral opening 56 of the carrier 54 and the at least one sealing member58.

In the aspect shown in FIGS. 3A and 6, the two sealing members 58 areprovided such that a first sealing member is at the proximal end 60 ofthe carrier 54 and a second sealing member is at the distal end 62 ofthe carrier 54. Preferably, at least one sealing member 58 is disposedat the distal end 62 of the carrier 54. A larger ledge portion of eachsealing member 58 is received in a recess 66 in the carrier 54 to attachthe sealing member 58 to the carrier 54. In an actuated or connectedposition, shown in FIG. 6, the carrier 54 is moved upward such that theneedle cannula 36 extends through the carrier 54 and the sealingmember(s) 58 to place the first medical device 12 in fluid communicationwith the second medical device 14. In a non-actuated, or unconnectedposition, as shown in FIG. 3B, the distal end of the needle cannula 36will be positioned in the central opening 56 of the carrier 54 betweenthe sealing members 58 to protect the sharpened end of the needlecannula 36 and contain any medicament that may be positioned within thelumen of the needle cannula 36. Alternatively, the needle cannula 36could be contained in any structure that protects the sharpened end ofthe needle cannula 36 and contains any medicament that may be positionedwithin the lumen of the needle cannula 36, including, but not limitedto, a single large membrane. The system 10 may also be utilized inconnection with any other suitable drug delivery mechanism orarrangement.

A biasing member 68 is disposed between the cap 28 and the proximal endof the carrier 54. The biasing member 68 may be a spring, although othersuitable biasing members may be utilized, including, but not limited to,a built in plastic spring or an elastic material such as rubber, TPE, orsilicone. The elastic material could be placed in a grid format withmultiple elastic strands or could be a single elastic strand. Thebiasing member 68 biases the carrier 54 towards the distal end 24 of thefirst connector 16 to ensure that the distal end of the needle cannula36 is positioned within the carrier 54 when disconnected from the secondconnector 18 as described above.

The second connector 18 is generally cylindrical having a distal end 70and a proximal end 72 and defining an axial central passageway 74,although other suitable shapes for the second connector 18 may beutilized. The distal end 70 of the second connector 18 may be integralwith the second medical device 14 such as a pressure equalizationdevice, a vial adaptor, a patient connector, an IV bag adaptor, or asimilar fluid delivery device (FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 7A-9B) or may includean attachment for making a connection with such devices. For example,referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 6, the second connector 18 is provided ona patient connector that includes an attachment 75 to connect the secondconnector 18 to a patient IV line or other suitable connection. Theattachment 75 is shown as male locking luer connector, although othersuitable attachment arrangements may be provided. The second connector18 also includes a sealing member 73 at its proximal end 72.

The second connector 18 defines a groove 76 on its outer surface. Thegroove 76 has a zigzag shape extending in a number of directions (FIGS.4A, 4C, 4D, and 5A). The groove 76 defines a first section 78 thatextends substantially axially in a distal direction, i.e., extendsgenerally toward the bottom end of the second connector 18. A secondsection 80 of the groove 76 extends from the distal end 78 a of thefirst section 78 and slopes in a distal direction away from the distalend 78 a of the first section 78, i.e., slopes downward and away fromthe bottom end of the first section 78. A third section 82 of the groove76 extends substantially axially in a proximal direction from the distalend 80 a of the second section 80, i.e., extends generally upward fromthe bottom end of the second section 80. A fourth section 84 of thegroove 76 extends from the proximal end 82 a of the third section 82 andslopes in a proximal direction away from proximal end 82 a of the thirdsection 82, i.e., slopes upward and away from the top end of the thirdsection 82. A fifth section 86 of the groove 76 extends substantiallyaxially in a distal direction from the proximal end 84 a of the fourthsection 84, i.e., extends downward from the top end of the fourthsection 84. A sixth section 88 of the groove 76 extends from the distalend 86 a of the fifth section 86 and slopes in a distal direction awayfrom distal end 86 a of the fifth section 86, i.e., slopes downward andaway from the bottom end of the fifth section 86. A seventh section 90of the groove 76 extends substantially axially in a proximal directionfrom the distal end 88 a of the sixth section 88, i.e., extends upwardfrom the bottom end of the sixth section 88. An eighth section 92 of thegroove 76 extends from the proximal end of the seventh section 90 andslopes in a proximal direction away from proximal end of the seventhsection 90, i.e., slopes upward and away from the top end of the seventhsection 90.

The first 78, third 82, fifth 86, and seventh 90 sections of the groove76 have been described as extending in a substantially axial directionwhich includes vertically or parallel to the longitudinal axis of thesecond connector 18 and in a slightly sloping direction as long as theyare directed in a proximal direction or distal direction overall.

In an alternative aspect, as shown in FIGS. 4D and 7A-9B, an additionalsection 94 may extend axially in a proximal direction from the proximalend 84 a of the fourth section 84 and fifth section 86 may extend fromthe distal end 84 a of the additional section 94, i.e., the additionalsection 94 may extend from the top end of the fourth section 84 and thefifth section 86 may extend from the bottom end of the additionalsection 94. The additional section 94 helps to provide additionalsecurity in the locked position but is not required to form a lockingconnection.

A proximally sloping ledge 96, i.e., a ledge that slopes towards thebottom of the second connector 18, extends along the exterior of thesecond connector 18. The distal end of the sloping ledge 96 extends tothe proximal end of the first section 78 of the groove 76, i.e., thebottom end of the sloping ledge 96 extends to the top end of the firstsection 78 of the groove 76.

The first connector 16 may be provided with two projections 46 onopposite sides of the cam member 44 (FIG. 3B) and the second connector18 may be provided with two grooves 76 on opposite sides of the secondconnector 18 (FIG. 5A).

In use, the proximal end 72 of the second connector 18 is inserted intothe open distal end 24 of the housing 20 of the first connector 16 (FIG.7B). The projection 46 on the cam member 44 of the first connector 16either contacts the sloping ledge 96 on the second connector 18 or theprojection 46 is received in the first section 78 of groove 76 dependingon the orientation of the first connector 16 with respect to the secondconnector 18. The proximal end 72 of the second connector 18 contactsthe distal end 62 of the carrier 54. The second connector 18 may includea sealing member 73 positioned adjacent to the proximal end 72 of thesecond connector 18 that engages and forms a seal with the sealingmember 58 positioned at the distal end 62 of the carrier 54. Afterinsertion, opposing axial forces are placed on the proximal end 77 ofthe first connector 16 and the distal end 70 of the second connector 18(FIG. 7C). The carrier 54 is forced in a proximal direction with respectto the housing 20 by the proximal end 72 of the second connector 18. Asa result, energy is stored in the biasing member 68. In the case of aspring, the energy is stored by compression of the spring. At the sametime, the second connector 18 is further received in the central opening26 of the housing 20 of the first connector 16. As the second connector18 is further received in the central opening 26 of the housing 20 ofthe first connector 16, the projection 46 on the cam member 44, which isrotatably disposed in the housing 20 of the first connector 16, eitherfollows the sloping ledge 96 of the second connector 18 to the groove 76and proceeds through the first section 78 and second section 80 of thegroove 76 or directly proceeds through the first section 78 and secondsection 80 of the groove 76.

When the opposing axial forces are released, the energy stored in thebiasing member 68 forces the housing 20 of the first connector 16 in aproximal direction with respect to the second connector 18 (FIG. 7D). Asa result, the projection 46 on the cam member 44 proceeds through thethird section 82 and fourth section 84 of the groove 76 and, if theadditional section 94 is provided between the fourth section 84 andfifth section 86 of the groove 76 into the additional section 94. Theproximal force provided by the biasing member 68 on the housing 20 and,thus, the projection 46 on the cam member 44 holds the projection 46 inthe groove 76 such that the first connector 16 is now locked onto thesecond connector 18. In this locked state, the housing 20 can still berotated with respect to the second connector 18 without disengaging thefirst connector 16 from the second connector 18.

Preferably, when the first connector 16 and the second connector 18 arein this locked engagement, the proximal end 72 of the second connector18 is in sealing engagement with a sealing member 58 on the distal end62 of the carrier 54. The distal force provided by the biasing member 68on the carrier 54 and the proximal force provided on the secondconnector 18 by the projection 46 on the cam member 44 help to assure agood seal between the sealing member 58 and the proximal end 72 of thesecond connector 18.

When the first connector 16 and the second connector 18 are in thislocked engagement, the needle cannula 36 extends into the axial centralpassageway 74 of the second connector 18 and into the second medicaldevice 14. This provides a fluid path from the first medical device 12through the needle cannula 36 into the second medical device 14.

When it is desired to release the locking connection between the firstconnector 16 and the second connector 18, opposing axial forces areagain placed on the proximal end 77 of the first connector 16 and thedistal end 70 of the second connector 18 (FIGS. 7E and 7F). The carrier54 is forced in a proximal direction with respect to the housing 20 bythe proximal end 72 of the second connector 18. As a result, energy isstored in the biasing member 68. In the case of a spring, the energy isstored by compression of the spring. At the same time, the secondconnector 18 is further received in the central opening 26 of thehousing 20 of the first connector 16. As the second connector 18 isfurther received in the central opening 26 of the housing 20 of thefirst connector 16, the projection 46 on the cam member 44 proceedsthrough the fifth section 86 and sixth section 88 of the groove 76.

When the opposing axial forces are released, the energy stored in thebiasing member 68 forces the housing 20 of the first connector 16 in aproximal direction with respect to the second connector 18 (FIG. 7G). Asa result of the proximal force on the housing 20, the projection 46 onthe cam member 44 proceeds through the seventh section 90 and eighthsection 92 of the groove 76 and the first connector 16 is released fromengagement with the second connector 18. The distal end of the needlecannula 36 is once again contained in carrier 54 of the first connector16.

In the released position the tip of the needle cannula 36 is containedin the axial central opening 56 of the carrier 54 between the twosealing members 58. Thus, not only is the user protected from anaccidental needle stick, but any fluid that may remain in the needlecannula 36 is contained in the needle cannula 36 and or the carrier 54by the sealing members 58.

While the connector system 10 has been described and shown as having abiasing member 68, another aspect does not include a biasing member. Inthis aspect, the user applies opposing axial forces on the proximal end77 of the first connector 16 and the distal end 70 of the secondconnector 18 pushing the first connector 16 onto the second connector 18until the protrusion 46 has traveled through the first 78 and second 80sections of the groove 76 and the first connector 16 cannot be advancedon the second connector 18 any further. Then the user applies opposingaxial forces on the proximal end 77 of the first connector 16 and thedistal end 70 of the second connector 18 pulling the first connector 16away from the second connector 18 until the protrusion 46 has traveledthrough the third 82 and fourth 84 sections of the groove 76 and intothe additional section 94. The additional section 94 is in the form ofdetent to provide a locking engagement with the protrusion 46. When theprotrusion 46 is locked in the additional section 94, the firstconnector 16 is locked to the second connector 18.

When it is desired to release the locking connection between the firstconnector 16 and the second connector 18, the user again appliesopposing axial forces on the proximal end 77 of the first connector 16and the distal end 70 of the second connector 18 pushing the firstconnector 16 onto the second connector 18 until the protrusion 46 isreleased from the additional section 94 and travels through the fifth 86and sixth 88 sections of the groove 76 and the first connector 16 cannotbe advanced on the second connector 18 any further. Then the userapplies opposing axial forces on the proximal end 77 of the firstconnector 16 and the distal end 70 of the second connector 18 pullingthe first connector 16 away from the second connector 18 until theprotrusion 46 has traveled through the seventh 90 and eighth 92 sectionsof the groove 76 and the first connector 16 is released from the secondconnector 18.

As shown in FIGS. 8-25, the first connector 16 may have an indicatorband 98 extending axially on the outer surface of the cam member 44. Inthis case, the housing 20 of the first connector 16 is transparent. Thesecond connector 18 may have an indicator band 100 extending axially onits outer surface. The indicator bands 98, 100 are placed on the cammember 44 and the second connector 18 such that, when the firstconnector 16 is in locking engagement with the second connector 18, theindicator band 98 on the cam member 44 which will be visible through thetransparent housing 20 will be aligned with the indicator band 100 onthe second connector 18 to give a visual indication to the user that theconnector system is locked. Preferably, the indicator band 98 on the cammember 44 is located 90° around the circumference of the cam member 44from the protrusion 46. Alternatively, if the second connector 18 isintegral with the second medical device 14, the indicator band 100 maybe included on the exterior surface of the second medical device 14.

The indicator line 98 may extend the full length of the cam member 44and the second connector 18 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 11 or may onlyextend for part of the length of the cam member 44 and the secondconnector 18 as shown in FIG. 19. Alternatively, if the cam member 44 isexternal from the housing 20, the housing 20 need not be transparent.

In another aspect, shown in FIGS. 26-28, with a connector system havinga cam member 44, the first connector 16 may have a dot 102 on the outersurface of the housing 20. In this case, the housing 20 of the firstconnector 16 is transparent. The second connector 18 may have a circle104. When the first connector 16 is in locking engagement with thesecond connector 18, the dot 104 on the housing 102 will be visiblethrough the transparent housing 20 and will be located in the circle 104on the second connector 18 to give a visual indication to the user thatthe connector system is locked.

In another aspect, shown in FIGS. 29-34, with a connector system havinga cam member 44, the cam member 44 may include a window 105 and thesecond connector may include an indicator band 100 (FIGS. 30 and 31) oran indicator mark 107 (FIGS. 33 and 34). In this case, the housing 20 ofthe first connector 16 is transparent. When the first connector 16 is inlocking engagement with the second connector 18, the indicator band 100or indicator mark 107 will be visible through the transparent housing 20and will be located in the window 105 of the cam member 44 to give avisual indication to the user that the connector system is locked. Inyet another aspect, instead of the indicator band 100 or indicator mark107 being on the second connector 18, the colored portion may beprovided on the carrier 54. In this case, the indicator could be visiblethrough a window in the opaque housing when the carrier 54 is movedwithin the housing 20.

Referring to FIGS. 35-38, although the housing 20 of the first connector16 is shown to be generally cylindrical in FIG. 2, for example, thehousing 20 of the first connector 16 may also include features toenhance the ability of a user to grip the housing 20.

Referring to FIGS. 35 and 36, the housing 20 of the first connector 16may include grip portions 106 that are generally planar regions comparedto the cylindrical surface of the remaining portion of the housing 20.The housing 20 is generally cylindrical in FIG. 35 with a recessed,planar grip portion 106 that has an hourglass-shaped circumference. Thehousing is generally cylindrical in FIG. 36 with a recessed, planar gripportion 106 that has a generally rectangle-shaped circumference withrounded ends. The grip portions 106 provide a contact surface to allowthe housing 20 to be more readily gripped by a user of the connector 16.

Referring to FIG. 37, the housing 20 of the first connector 16 mayinclude a plurality of annular ribs 108 that extend circumferentiallyaround the outer surface of the housing 20. The housing 20 may include aplurality of the annular ribs 108 that extend the full length or only aportion of the length of the housing 20. The annular ribs 108 provide asurface for a user to more readily grip the connector 16.

Referring to FIG. 38, the housing 20 of the first connector 16 may alsodefine a concave grip portion 110 including nubs or projections. Theconcave grip portion 110 is a portion of the housing 20 that extendsradially inwardly around the circumference of the housing 20 to providea contact surface that allows the connector 16 to be more readilygripped by a user.

Although the projection 46 of the first connector 16 extends radiallyinward and the groove 76 of the second connector 18 is positioned on theouter surface of the second connector 18, the projection 46 may extendradially outward and provided on the outer surface of the secondconnector 18 with the groove 76 of the second connector 18 provided onan interior surface of the second connector 18.

As shown in FIGS. 39-46, the groove 76 of the second connector 18 cantake any of a number of paths as long as, upon application and releaseof a first set of opposing axial forces applied to the proximal end 77of the first connector 16 and the distal end 70 of the second connector18, the first connector 16 is locked to the second connector 18 and,upon application and release of a second set of opposing axial forces tothe proximal end 77 of the first connector 16 and the distal end 70 ofthe second connector 18, the first connector 16 is released from thesecond connector 18. These include: pathways that can be linked andrepeated (FIG. 39), pathways that follow the same trail duringapplication and release of the first set of opposing axial forces andapplication and release of the second set of axial forces (FIGS. 44 and45), pathways that have curved sections (FIG. 43), and pathways that arelooped such that they have a common entry and exit point but follow aloop through the majority of the locking and releasing steps (FIG. 46).All paths may include at least five positions: (1) a starting position,(2) an initial base position, (3) an intermediate (or locked) position,(4) a secondary base position, and (5) an ending position. For somepaths, the initial base position (2) and the secondary base position (4)are the same (FIGS. 44 and 45). Similarly, the starting position (1) andthe ending position (5) may also be the same depending on the path (FIG.46). While the aspects shown in the figures have two projections 46 onthe cam member 44 and two grooves 76 on the second connector 18, anynumber of projections 46 may be used. The corresponding groove orgrooves 76 may be altered or scaled to account for the number and/orposition of the projections 46 as long as the shape of the groove 76allows for locking of the first connector 16 to the second connector 18upon application and release of a first set of opposing axial forces andrelease of the first connector 16 from the second connector 18 uponapplication and release of a second set of opposing axial forces. Inaddition, the number of projections 46 and grooves 76 need not be equal.For example, one projection 46 could be used with two or more repeatedgroove 76 patterns or two projections 46 could be used with fourrepeated groove 76 patterns.

The connector system has been previously described as having a cammember 44 with at least one protrusion 46 that is rotatably disposed inthe housing 20 of the first connector 16 with the second connector 18being stationary. Alternatively, the protrusion 46 may be fixed directlyto the housing 20 or keyed to the housing 20. In this case, the secondconnector 18 would then be placed on a secondary component (similar to acylinder) allowing the groove 76 to rotate relative to the housing 20and the protrusion 46.

The connector system has also been previously described as having thegroove 76 on the exterior of the second connector 18 and the cam member44 as part of the first connector 16. Alternatively, the groove 76 couldbe placed on the inner wall of the housing 20 of the first connector 16and the cam member 44 could be placed on the exterior of the secondconnector 18. There are two variations of this aspect. First, the cammember 44 with at least one protrusion 46 could be a rotating washer onthe exterior of the second connector 18 and the groove 76 could be fixedin the inner wall of the housing 20 of the first connector 16. Second,the protrusion 46 could be fixed to the exterior of the second connector18 and the groove could be placed on the inside of a secondary component(like a cylinder) that could rotate freely within the inner walls of thehousing 20 of the first connector 16 allowing the groove 76 to rotatewith respect to the protrusion 46.

While this disclosure has been described as having exemplary designs,the present disclosure can be further modified within the spirit andscope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended tocover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure using itsgeneral principles. Further, this application is intended to cover suchdepartures from the present disclosure as come within known or customarypractice in the art to which this disclosure pertains and which fallwithin the limits of the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A medical connector system comprising: afirst connector having a proximal end and a distal end, the firstconnector comprising a housing defining a central opening that receivesa needle cannula and a cam member, the cam member having at least oneprojection extending into the central opening of the housing of thefirst connector with the cam member being rotatable relative to thehousing of the first connector; and a second connector having an outersurface, a proximal end, and a distal end, the outer surface of thesecond connector defining a groove comprising a substantially verticalreceiving channel, a substantially non-vertical locking channelextending substantially perpendicular to the receiving channel, and asubstantially vertical exit channel extending substantiallyperpendicular to the locking channel, wherein the proximal end of thesecond connector is configured to be at least partially disposed withina distal end of the housing of the first connector, and wherein, uponapplication and release of a first set of opposing axial forces appliedto the proximal end of the first connector and the distal end of thesecond connector, the at least one projection is directed into thereceiving channel and then into the locking channel to lock the firstconnector to the second connector and, upon application and release of asecond set of opposing axial forces to the proximal end of the firstconnector and the distal end of the second connector, the at least oneprojection is directed out of the locking channel and then out of theexit channel to unlock the first connector from the second connector. 2.The medical connector system according to claim 1, wherein the secondconnector includes at least two projections extending from the outersurface to define the groove.
 3. The medical connector system accordingto claim 1, wherein the locking channel comprises a locking recessconfigured to receive the at least one projection of the first connectorwhen the first connector and the second connector are locked.
 4. Themedical connector system according to claim 3, wherein the lockingchannel further comprises a substantially vertical wall to direct the atleast one projection of the first connector into the locking recess. 5.The medical connector system according to claim 1, wherein the receivingchannel includes a chamfered surface for directing the at least oneprojection of the first connector into the receiving channel.
 6. Themedical connector system according to claim 1, wherein the firstconnector further comprises a carrier member received in the housing,wherein the carrier member comprises a sealing member in at least one ofa distal end of the carrier member and a proximal end of the carriermember.
 7. The medical connector system according to claim 1, whereinthe first connector further comprises a cap connected to a proximal endof the housing, the cap comprising an attachment to connect the firstconnector to a medical device.
 8. The medical connector system accordingto claim 7, wherein a proximal end of the needle cannula is held in thecap.
 9. The medical connector system according to claim 1, wherein thesecond connector further comprises an attachment on a distal end thereoffor connection to a medical connection member.
 10. The medical connectorsystem according to claim 1, wherein the first connector furthercomprises a first indicator and the second connector further comprises asecond indicator, and wherein, upon application and release of the firstset of opposing axial forces applied to the proximal end of the firstconnector and the distal end of the second connector, the firstconnector is locked relative to the second connector in an axialdirection and the first indicator is aligned with the second indicator.11. The medical connector system according to claim 10, wherein thefirst indicator and the second indicator are axial bands.
 12. Themedical connector system according to claim 10, wherein the firstindicator is a dot and the second indicator is a circle.
 13. The medicalconnector system according to claim 10, wherein the first indicatorincludes a window defined in the cam member and the second indicator isan axial band.
 14. The medical connector system according to claim 10,wherein the first indicator includes a window defined in the cam memberand the second indicator is a symbol.
 15. The medical connector systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the housing of the first connectorcomprises planar gripping portions.
 16. The medical connector systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the housing of the first connectorcomprises a plurality of annular ribs extending circumferentially aroundan outer surface of the housing.
 17. The medical connector systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the first connector defines a concave gripportion.
 18. The medical connector system according to claim 1, whereinat least one of the proximal end and the distal end of the firstconnector is conical shaped.
 19. A method of transferring a fluid from afirst medical device for receiving or dispensing fluids to a secondmedical device for receiving or dispensing fluids, the methodcomprising: providing a first connector having a proximal end and adistal end, wherein the proximal end is connected to the first medicaldevice and the distal end is open, the first connector comprising ahousing and a cam member, wherein the cam member comprises at least oneprojection extending from an inner surface of the cam member; providinga needle cannula within the housing of the first connector to transferthe fluid from the first medical device to the second medical device;providing a second connector having a proximal end and a distal end,wherein the distal end is connected to the second medical device, thesecond connector comprising a groove defined in an outer surface of thesecond connector; inserting the proximal end of the second connector atleast partially into the open distal end of the first connector;applying and releasing a first set of opposing axial forces to theproximal end of the first connector and the distal end of the secondconnector, wherein the at least one projection of the first connector isdirected into and locked in the groove of the second connector;transferring the fluid from the first medical device to the secondmedical device through the first connector and the second connector; andapplying and releasing a second set of opposing axial forces to theproximal end of the first connector and the distal end of the secondconnector, wherein the at least one projection of the first connector isreleased from and directed out of the groove of the second connector.